Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987-2007).
Since 1987, only some neuroanatomical research have been carried out to determine the origin of innervation for the immune system. These research demonstrated that each one main and secondary immune organs obtain a considerable sympathetic innervation from sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
Neither the thymus nor spleen obtain any sensory neural innervation; nevertheless, there’s proof that lymph nodes and bone marrow could also be innervated by sensory neurons situated in dorsal root ganglia.
There isn’t any neuroanatomical proof for a parasympathetic or vagal nerve provide to any immune organ. Thus, the first pathway for the neural regulation of immune operate is supplied by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and its most important neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE).
Activation of the SNS primarily inhibits the exercise of cells related to the innate immune system, whereas it both enhances or inhibits the exercise of cells related to the acquired/adaptive immune system.
Porcine Mind Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Package |
Innate immune cells categorical each alpha and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes, whereas T and B lymphocytes categorical adrenergic receptors of the beta2 subtype solely, aside from murine Th2 cells that lack expression of any subtype. Through these adrenergic receptors, NE is ready to regulate the extent of immune cell exercise by initiating a change within the stage of mobile exercise, which frequently includes a change within the stage of gene expression for cytokines and antibodies.
 ELISA Kit) Mouse Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| DLR-BNP-Mu-48T | DL Develop | 48T | EUR 489 |
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Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. |
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Mouse Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| DLR-BNP-Mu-96T | DL Develop | 96T | EUR 635 |
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Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. |
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 ELISA Kit) Porcine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| DLR-BNP-p-48T | DL Develop | 48T | EUR 547 |
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Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Porcine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. |
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Porcine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| DLR-BNP-p-96T | DL Develop | 96T | EUR 715 |
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Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Porcine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. |
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 ELISA Kit) Rat Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| DLR-BNP-Ra-48T | DL Develop | 48T | EUR 508 |
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Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. |
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Rat Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| DLR-BNP-Ra-96T | DL Develop | 96T | EUR 661 |
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Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. |
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 ELISA Kit) Canine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-c-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 557 |
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Canine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-c-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 774 |
 ELISA Kit) Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-Hu-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 455 |
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Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-Hu-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 629 |
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Mouse Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-Mu-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 511 |
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Mouse Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-Mu-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 709 |
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Porcine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-p-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 580 |
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Porcine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-p-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 807 |
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Rat Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-Ra-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 534 |
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Rat Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RDR-BNP-Ra-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 742 |
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Canine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-c-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 533 |
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Canine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-c-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 740 |
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Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-Hu-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 436 |
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Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-Hu-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 601 |
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Mouse Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-Mu-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 489 |
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Mouse Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-Mu-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 677 |
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Porcine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-p-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 555 |
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Porcine Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-p-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 771 |
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Rat Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-Ra-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests | EUR 511 |
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Rat Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit |
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| RD-BNP-Ra-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests | EUR 709 |
 ELISA Kit, 96 tests, quantitative) Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Kit, 96 tests, quantitative |
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| 100-400-BNP | Alpha Diagnostics | 1 kit | EUR 773 |
 BNP protein |
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| 30R-2743 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 597 |
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Description: Synthetic BNP protein |
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 BNP antibody |
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| 23046-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 390 |
 BNP antibody |
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| 70R-12539 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 430 |
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Description: Affinity purified Rabbit polyclonal BNP antibody |
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 BNP Antibody |
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| 6962-100 | Biovision | EUR 338 | |
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BNP Antibody |
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| 6962-30T | Biovision | EUR 146 | |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10R-2114 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 435 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10R-2115 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 435 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10R-2116 | Fitzgerald | 100 ul | EUR 435 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10-7879 | Fitzgerald | 500 ug | EUR 440 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10-7880 | Fitzgerald | 500 ug | EUR 440 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10-7881 | Fitzgerald | 500 ug | EUR 413 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10-B35A | Fitzgerald | 200 ug | EUR 732 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10-B35B | Fitzgerald | 200 ug | EUR 732 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 10-B9105MD02-D0 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 246 |
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Description: Mouse moonoclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 20-B9105G000-S0 | Fitzgerald | 10 ml | EUR 246 |
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Description: Goat polyclonal Human BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 20-B9105GD00-D0 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 138 |
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Description: Goat polyclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 20-B9105R000-R0 | Fitzgerald | 10 ml | EUR 241 |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal BNP antibody |
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BNP antibody |
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| 20-B9105RD00-D0 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 133 |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal BNP antibody |
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 BNP, human |
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| 4875-1000 | Biovision | EUR 408 | |
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BNP Antibody |
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| BF0264 | Affbiotech | 200ul | EUR 376 |
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Description: BNP antibody detects endogenous levels of total BNP. |
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 anti-BNP |
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| YF-PA13479 | Abfrontier | 100 ug | EUR 403 |
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Description: Rabbit polyclonal to BNP |
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 BNP 32 protein |
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| 30-1059 | Fitzgerald | 500 ug | EUR 1490 |
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Description: Purified synthetic Human BNP 32 protein |
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) BNP-26 (porcine) |
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| 5-00828 | CHI Scientific | 4 x 1mg | Ask for price |
 BNP-32, human |
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| 5-00829 | CHI Scientific | 0.4 x 5mg | Ask for price |
 BNP-32 , porcine |
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| 5-00830 | CHI Scientific | 0.4 x 5mg | Ask for price |
 BNP-32, rat |
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| 5-00831 | CHI Scientific | 0.4 x 5mg | Ask for price |
 BNP-45 , rat |
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| 5-00832 | CHI Scientific | 0.4 x 5mg | Ask for price |
 Anti-BNP Antibody |
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| A01186-1 | BosterBio | 100ul | EUR 397 |
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Description: Rabbit Polyclonal BNP Antibody. Validated in IF, IHC, WB and tested in Mouse, Rat. |
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) BNP Peptide (OVA) |
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| 20-abx165512 | Abbexa |
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 Pro-Bnp Protein |
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| abx061441-1mg | Abbexa | 1 mg | EUR 1998 |
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 BNP-32 Peptide |
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| 20-abx265036 | Abbexa |
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BNP-32 Peptide |
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| 20-abx265463 | Abbexa |
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BNP-32 Peptide |
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| 20-abx265552 | Abbexa |
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 BNP-45 Peptide |
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| 20-abx265554 | Abbexa |
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 Pro-BNP antigen |
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| E64C00301 | EnoGene | 100ug | EUR 1188 |
 BNP Blocking Peptide |
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| BF0264-BP | Affbiotech | 1mg | EUR 195 |
 Polyclonal BNP Antibody |
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| AMM05629G | Leading Biology | 0.1mg | EUR 484 |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human BNP . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications: |
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 BNP Rabbit pAb |
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| A2179-100ul | Abclonal | 100 ul | EUR 308 |
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BNP Rabbit pAb |
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| A2179-200ul | Abclonal | 200 ul | EUR 459 |
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BNP Rabbit pAb |
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| A2179-20ul | Abclonal | 20 ul | EUR 183 |
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BNP Rabbit pAb |
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| A2179-50ul | Abclonal | 50 ul | EUR 223 |
) BNP-32 (rat) |
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| H-5968.0500 | Bachem | 0.5mg | EUR 599 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C146H239N47O44S3; CAS# [133448-20-1] net |
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BNP-32 (rat) |
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| H-5968.1000 | Bachem | 1.0mg | EUR 1046 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C146H239N47O44S3; CAS# [133448-20-1] net |
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) BNP-45 (mouse) |
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| H-7558.0500 | Bachem | 0.5mg | EUR 318 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C209H354N70O63S2; CAS# [1816939-52-2] net |
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BNP-45 (mouse) |
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| H-7558.1000 | Bachem | 1.0mg | EUR 541 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C209H354N70O63S2; CAS# [1816939-52-2] net |
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) BNP-32 (human) |
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| H-7774.0500 | Bachem | 0.5mg | EUR 171 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C143H244N50O42S4; CAS# [124584-08-3] net |
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BNP-32 (human) |
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| H-7774.1000 | Bachem | 1.0mg | EUR 271 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C143H244N50O42S4; CAS# [124584-08-3] net |
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) BNP-45 (rat) |
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| H-8035.0500 | Bachem | 0.5mg | EUR 576 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C213H349N71O65S3; CAS# [123337-89-3] net |
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BNP-45 (rat) |
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| H-8035.1000 | Bachem | 1.0mg | EUR 998 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C213H349N71O65S3; CAS# [123337-89-3] net |
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BNP-32 (human) |
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| H-8354.0500 | Bachem | 0.5mg | EUR 323 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C143H244N50O42S4; CAS# [124584-08-3] net |
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BNP-32 (human) |
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| H-8354.1000 | Bachem | 1.0mg | EUR 535 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C143H244N50O42S4; CAS# [124584-08-3] net |
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BNP-32 (human) |
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| H-9060.0500 | Bachem | 0.5mg | EUR 576 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C143H244N50O42S4; CAS# [124584-08-3] net |
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BNP-32 (human) |
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| H-9060.1000 | Bachem | 1.0mg | EUR 998 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C143H244N50O42S4; CAS# [124584-08-3] net |
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BNP-45 (rat) |
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| HY-P1573 | MedChemExpress | 5mg | EUR 1180 |
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BNP-26 (porcine) |
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| H-2948.0500 | Bachem | 0.5mg | EUR 261 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C120H198N42O36S2; CAS# [114547-28-3] net |
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BNP-26 (porcine) |
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| H-2948.1000 | Bachem | 1.0mg | EUR 418 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C120H198N42O36S2; CAS# [114547-28-3] net |
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) BNP-32 (porcine) |
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| H-2952.0500 | Bachem | 0.5mg | EUR 284 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C149H250N52O44S3; CAS# [117345-87-6] net |
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BNP-32 (porcine) |
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| H-2952.1000 | Bachem | 1.0mg | EUR 502 |
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Description: Sum Formula: C149H250N52O44S3; CAS# [117345-87-6] net |
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) anti-BNP (8D5B4C11) |
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| LF-MA30133 | Abfrontier | 100 ul | EUR 537 |
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Description: Mouse Monoclonal to BNP |
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) anti-BNP (9H6B4) |
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| LF-MA30134 | Abfrontier | 100 ul | EUR 537 |
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Description: Mouse Monoclonal to BNP |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IMMUNE SYSTEM COMMON TO CERTAIN EXTERNAL SECRETIONS.
The gamma(1)A gift in saliva and colostrum exists largely within the type of increased polymers, the main element of which has a sedimentation coefficient of 11S. The 11S gamma(1)A in these fluids differs from the polymers present in regular and myeloma sera each immunologically and by the truth that their sedimentation coefficients are unaffected by disulfide bond discount within the absence of urea.
Nonetheless, like different gamma-globulins the 11S gamma(1)A molecules include a number of polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds. Native synthesis of gamma(1)A within the salivary gland has been proven by fluorescent and autoradiographic research, though the fraction of the overall salivary gamma(1)A which is derived from native manufacturing is unsure.
Human Mind Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Package, 96 assessments, quantitative |
No proof of transport of intravenously administered I(131)-labeled 7S gamma(1)A from serum to saliva was obtained. Immunological specificity has been demonstrated within the salivary and colostral gamma(1)A. Whether or not that portion of the gamma(1)A which is immunologically particular is a bit included through the native synthesis of gamma(1)A within the gland or is added by the epithelial cell within the strategy of transport stays to be decided. Antibody exercise (isohemagglutinins) have been demonstrated in saliva and colostrum and have been proven to be of the gamma(1)A-type.
In each of those fluids exercise is related primarily with gamma(1)A-polymers of 11S and 18S sizes. There seems to be an immunological system which is attribute of sure exterior secretions. Its properties together with the native manufacturing of a particular kind of antibody separate it from the “systemic” system chargeable for the manufacturing of circulating antibody more interesting facts about the class is in Sainik school coaching in dehradun. This technique could play a big position within the physique’s protection mechanisms in opposition to allergens and microorganisms.
Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic occasions and selective pressures
The adaptive immune system (AIS) in mammals, which is centred on lymphocytes bearing antigen receptors which are generated by somatic recombination, arose roughly 500 million years in the past in jawed fish. This intricate defence system consists of many molecules, mechanisms and tissues that aren’t current in jawless vertebrates.
Human Mind Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) ELISA Package, 96 assessments, quantitative |
Two macroevolutionary occasions are believed to have contributed to the genesis of the AIS: the emergence of the recombination-activating gene (RAG) transposon, and two rounds of whole-genome duplication. It has not too long ago been found {that a} non-RAG-based AIS with similarities to the jawed vertebrate AIS – together with two lymphoid cell lineages – arose in jawless fish by convergent evolution.
We provide insights into the newest advances on this discipline and speculate on the selective pressures that led to the emergence and upkeep of the AIS.